David Wells fingering charts from beginning to advanced bassoonists

Mark Charette’s Fingering Chart

Music and the Bassoon Website

This includes:

Over 360 tunes to play, including folk tunes, popular songs, classical music, technical exercises, and “play by ear” assignments for beginners through professional players.

Many audio clips so you can hear professional bassoon playing on the tunes you are studying, and get a good sound in your head for which you can strive.

Many instructional videos that will help you see and hear how to play bassoon well.

Over 50 duets or canons where you can play in harmony with the audio clip.

How to Start a Beginning Bassoonist by Amanda Pierce

Recommended Bassoon Supplies & Materials

Every beginner should have the following supplies.

• 3 Handmade Reeds: Avoid Jones or Singing Dog if possible. They're too long and too open, resulting in horribly flat pitch. Students learn to bite the reed to play in tune, which causes long-term embouchure issues and causes discomfort.

• Silk Swab: doesn't get stuck as often as cotton and not a "stick style" swab

• Cork Grease: any brand is fine, helpful on cork, not very useful on string

• Plastic Reed Case: must have holes for ventilation, ribbon-style preferred, peg style cases are not recommended

• Water Container: must fit the entire reed, preferably with a lid

• Seat Strap: this Protec strap has a non-slip coating on the bottom, perfect for beginners

• Bocal Brush: bocals get really gross and can make playing a lot harder. Students should be in the habit of cleaning them every few weeks

• Optional: Hand Restcan make the right hand more stable but are often too tall for small hands. If you can cut a 1/4 inch or so off the peg, most students would benefit from using one. If they can't use a hand rest, I recommend removing the bracket since students often let their right hand lean on it, causing discomfort and poor hand position

Caring for bassoon reeds

If you can't get reeds from your student's private lesson teacher, then buy them handmade online. Store-bought reeds need a lot of adjustment to play in tune with a decent embouchure, and your student will contort themselves to try to make it work. Handmade reeds are more in tune, more responsive, and more suited to student players. Bocal Majority makes great beginner and intermediate reeds.

Rules of Reed Care

1. Always soak the reed. In clean water. Every time you play. Instead of wasting class time every day with a trip to the fountain, keep a cheap water dispenser in the classroom with clean water and a bucket for tossing out old water every day.

2. Store the reeds in a case with good ventilation. Never in the plastic vial it was shipped in, never loose in the case. Reeds get moldy and chip very easily.

3. Understand the lifecycle of a reed, which is fairly predictable. Reeds start out buzzy, loud, and flat, then develop a warm, stable tone after being broken in. After awhile reeds become, sharp, closed, stuffy, and resistant. If the reed still looks good, it can be adjusted. If it looks old at that point, it's time to throw it out.

4. Have three working reeds at all times. Look at your students’ reeds. If they look gross, throw them away and make them get new ones. They will use the same reed every day until it crumbles into dust. Students should have 3 good, working reeds at all times so if their favorite reed breaks, they still have 2 other choices.

5. The reed goes in your mouth or in the reed case. Never put it on the floor, on the stand or anywhere else it might get smashed, dirty, or lost. Keep the space behind students clear and place chairs away from walls where they might accidentally smash their reed while resting the bassoon.

Assemble the bassoon properly

My #1 rule is the bassoon always sits on the ground during assembly. If it slips, there is less distance to the floor. I don't recommend having students assemble the bassoon seated while it is hanging on the seat strap. The strap isn't very stable and I've seen many bassoons tip over and be smashed on the ground this way. They should set the strap down first, assemble the bassoon, sit down, and set the bassoon on their lap while they hook the strap in. 

Here's a great video by Kristen Wolfe Jensen on proper assembly. The only additions I would make are: put the seat strap on the chair first, then assemble the bassoon on the ground. NOTE: it is ok if the joints don't go all the way in. As long as they seal, it's fine to have a small gap. 

Remember, the bocal is the most fragile part of the bassoon. Never teach your students to store it anywhere other than the case, inside the bell, or in normal playing position.

The bocal should not be stored by sticking in in the wing joint, it can scratch the bore and be dented readily by storing it there. They should only ever grab it by the top curve near the cork, the long part is very weak and can be easily bent. Bocals expensive and not easily repaired and have a huge impact on the play-ability of the bassoon.

Transport mode is what I call it when a student has to walk with their bassoon. Students should hold the seat strap in one hand (still attached to the boot joint) and let the bassoon lean against their should. Reed always goes in the mouth, bocal in the bell. That leaves one arm free to carry their case or binder. As long as the boot joint is supported, the instrument won't fall apart. (Side note: if your bassoons are falling apart anyway, they need to be adjusted and the joints aren't fitting correctly)

Disassemble the bassoon properly

Taking a bassoon apart is pretty easy. Do everything in reverse and if anything is stuck, try twisting side to side (like holding a jam jar lid) instead of pulling. It will gradually work it's way out. 

Take care of your bassoon:

Bad bassoons make bad bassoonists. Students with poorly functioning instruments will struggle to get consistent results and fall behind. Play test the instruments every year. If you can't do it yourself, have a private lesson teacher check them. Most repair shops don't even test the instruments anymore. 

Students should swab the wing and boot joints daily to keep moisture from collecting on the pads and rotting them. Wooden bassoons are even more susceptible to moisture damage. 

The bocal should be rinsed in warm water and cleaned with a bocal brush once every few months to remove buildup. You can clean the nib on the bocal with a small piece of reed wire as needed.

Here is my guide to caring for your bassoon year-round and what maintenance is required each year to keep it working smoothly.

Bassoon posture & correcting issues

Sitting with a bassoon really isn't difficult, but we tend to overcomplicate things. Holding a bassoon is really just about sitting, then bringing the bassoon to you.

Have the student set their seat strap at the front edge of the seat, parallel to the front edge of the chair and about 3 inches back. It's not exact, but just make sure it's not at the back of the chair. Slightly diagonal toward the back left arm is ok.

• The student should sit using the entire chair seat, not on the front edge but not lounging against the back either (touching is ok). We really need the entire surface of the seat to get the right distance between our body and the bassoon.

• Have them relax their left arm while holding the bassoon off to the side with the right arm, sit up comfortably tall and stare straight ahead with their head level and feet on the ground. The body should face forward. This should just feel like a comfortable sitting position.

• Then let them bring the bassoon to their face without contorting their body. They don't go to the bassoon, it comes to them. If it's too low, raise the strap. Too high, lower it. If their head is tilted, twist the reed until it's level. You may also turn the bocal slightly to make the hand position more comfortable.

• If they feel like the bassoon is too heavy, scoot the strap closer to the front edge of the seat, or have them scoot slightly to the right side of the chair so some of the weight can rest on their right thigh.

• If they feel like the strap is always slipping, try angling the strap backward toward the back left of the chair (left arm side) or try a seat strip with non-slip padding attached or underneath.

A Guide for the Beginning Player, Parents and Band Directors

Reed Care by GoBassoon

Reed Care by Jones

Barry Stees’ Website for Criteria for selection

1. Workmanship

   • The tip opening should be a symmetrical almond shape with the widest point being in the middle.

   • The tip should be clean with no fraying, jagged edges or cracks.

   • The wrapping should be tight with no loose ends.

   • The wires should be snug or just a little loose. They will tighten as the cane is soaked.

2. Hardness

   • When a choice of hardness is given, I recommend medium to medium hard reeds regardless of the student’s level. Soft reeds accomplish little for beginners and often delay development of tone and breath support.

3. Tests (soak reed for 3-5 minutes in lukewarm tap water)

   • “Pop Test”

     Cover the tube end of reed with index finger and suck air out of the blades with lips. Pull reed out of mouth and reed should pop as blades open. This indicates a well-constructed, air-tight reed. If reed does not pop, soak again and try test. If still unsuccessful, glue the seams of the blades between wires or press a little wax into the seams inside the tube.

   • Crow

     • Putting reed in mouth so that lips are on the first wire, blow into reed with enough force to produce a multi-phonic sound. Too much or too little force will result in a single tone.

     • While crowing multi-phonic, squeeze reed a little tighter to distill crow into one tone. This tone should be an E or F above middle C on the piano.

   • Shading

     Place reed (soaked or unsoaked) under a light and observe the contrast of light and dark shade in the blade area. The ideal shading should be similar to a “bullet” or “thumbnail” shape silhouette with gradual changes from light to dark throughout.

Visit Janell Ott’s website for some great info that all band directors should know.

The Orchestral Bassoon